|
The ''Contest of Homer and Hesiod'' (''Certamen Homeri et Hesiodi'', or simply ''Certamen''〔Conventionally Greek works did not bear titles; the application of a Latin title to Greek works is an ancient tradition: this Latin title was applied in the Renaissance and is a shortened version of the title in the Greek: ''Concerning Homer and Hesiod and their descent and their contest''.〕) is a Greek narrative that expands a remark made in Hesiod's ''Works and Days''〔''Works and Days''〕 to recount an imagined poetical ''agon'' between Homer and Hesiod, in which Hesiod bears away the prize, a bronze tripod, which he dedicates to the Muses of Mount Helicon. A tripod, believed to be Hesiod's dedication-offering, was still being shown to tourists visiting Mount Helicon and its sacred grove of the Muses in Pausanias' day, but has since vanished.〔Pausanias, ''Description of Greece'' ix.31.3.〕 The site of the contest is set in Chalcis in Euboea. Hesiod tells (''Works and Days'' 650–59) that the only time he took passage in a ship was when he went from Aulis to Chalcis, to take part in the funeral games for Amphidamas, a noble of Chalcis. Hesiod was victorious; he dedicated the prize bronze tripod to the Muses at Helicon.〔''The Contest'' is adduced by Richard Hunter, (''The Shadow of Callimachus: Studies in the Reception of Hellenistic Poetry at Rome'' (Cambridge University Press) 2006:18) as an expression of the cultural conditions behind the conspicuous absence of Homer at Helicon.〕 There is no mention of Homer. In ''Certamen Homeri et Hesiodi'' the winning passage that Hesiod selects is the passage from ''Works and Days'' that begins "When the Pleiades arise..." The judge, who is the brother of the late Amphidamas, awards the prize to Hesiod. The relative value of Homer and Hesiod is established in the poem by the relative value of their subject matter to the ''polis'', the community: Hesiod's work on agriculture and peace is pronounced of more value than Homer's tales of war and slaughter. ==Manuscripts== The narrative as we have it is clearly of the 2nd century AD, for it mentions Hadrian (line 33). Friedrich Nietzsche deduced〔Nietzsche, "Die Florentinischer Tractat über Homer und Hesiod", in ''Rhetorica'' (Rheinisches museum für philologie) 25 (1870:528-40) and 28 (1873:211-49).〕 that it must have an earlier precedent in some form, and argued that it must derive from the sophist Alcidamas' ''Mouseion'', written in the 4th century BC. Three fragmentary papyri discovered since have confirmed his view.〔Koniaris 1971, Renehan 1971, Mandilaras 1992.〕 One dates from the 3rd century BC,〔Flinders Petrie, ''Papyri'', ed. Mahaffy, 1891, pl. xxv.〕 one from the 2nd century BC 〔First published by B. Mandilaras,''Platon'' 42 (1990) 45-51.〕 (both of these contain versions of the text largely agreeing with the Hadrianic version) and one, identified in a colophon text as the ending of Alcidamas, ''On Homer'' (University of Michigan Pap. 2754)〔Winter, J. G., "A New Fragment on the Life of Homer' ''Transactions of the American Philological Association'' 56 (1925) 120-129 ()).〕 from the 2nd or 3rd century AD. That it derives in part from the Classical period has been shown most clearly〔The evidence for a 5th-century version of ''Certamen'' is summarised by N.J. Richardson, "The contest of Homer and Hesiod and Alcidamas' ''Mouseion''", ''The Classical Quarterly'' New Series 31 (1981:1-10).〕 by two lines from its riddle passage that appear in Aristophanes' ''Peace''〔lines 1282-83.〕 "It does seem easier to suppose that Aristophanes was quoting a pre-existing text of the ''Certamen'' than that Alcidamas appropriated the lines from Aristophanes for a ''Certamen''-like story in his ''Mouseion''," R.M. Rosen observes.〔Ralph Mark Rosen. "Aristophanes' ''Frogs'' and the ''Contest of Homer and Hesiod''", ''Transactions of the American Philological Association'' 134.2, Autumn 2004:295-322. ((on-line text ))〕 The more profound influences of some version of the ''Contest'' on Aristophanes' ''The Frogs'' has been traced by Rosen, who notes the clearly traditional organising principle of the contest of wits (''sophias''), often involving riddling tests. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Contest of Homer and Hesiod」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|